בס"ד
יום שמיני לימי חנוכה, תשפ"ג
1) Possibly the most significant change is that one can now quickly directly access all site feature screens via URL links that even allow the immediate launch of searches, lookups and animations. This is in addition to Parsha Viewer, Frequency Viewer and Text Comparator which were already accessible in the past. On the flip side of this is that a new "link" icon button is available on the upper corner of each page for copying their direct URL links along with parameters for specifying page settings:
See instructions and examples on how to use this new capability.
- Use the following URL https://www.basehasefer.com/#/tanach?location=תהלים:ל:א to directly load that pasuk and it's surrounding context to the Tanach Viewer so that the following will appear:
- Use the following URL https://www.basehasefer.com/#/taamParser?location=תהלים:ל:א to directly load that pasuk to the Taam Parser resulting in the following:
- Use the following URL https://www.basehasefer.com/#/search?location=תהלים:ל:א to instantly load full word by word pasuk details in the main search.
Now one can pass URL parameters to directly focus/zoom on individuals in the Tanach Family Tree and even to display and animate relation paths. Remember the דבר תורה for חנוכה that appeared here two years ago and the nice animation that connected זרבבל back to אדם הראשון?
Now you can now create a link which will immediately create that animation (and also between any other two related people) like this: https://basehasefer.com/#/3Dtree?name=אדם&name2=זרבבל&animate=T&darkmode=F
2) A Site Map page is now available from a link in the left side of the Base Hasefer screen and from within the start menu.
You can view the full change list here.
Back to the title of this blog post and its relation to חנוכה.
Typically when we think of how to celebrate חנוכה, the mitzva of הדלקת הנרות to publicize the miracle of the פך השמן comes to mind which in turn sheds light on the miracle of the מלחמה of רבים ביד מעטים.
If we take a closer look, there is another dynamic happening behind the scenes.
When we recite the על הנסים for חנוכה during תפילה and ברכת המזון, we see a יון whose goal was to uproot Torah and mitzvos and with an interesting wording:
כשעמדה מלכות יון הרשעה על עמך ישראל להשכיחם תורתך ולהעבירם מחקי רצונך
To cause the Torah to be forgotten and to remove the Jewish people from the mitzvos.
Seemingly the goal of the תשועה גדולה performed by השם would be to reverse the efforts of the יונים.
The wording of the Rambam, in the opening of הלכות חנוכה (see הלכות מגילה וחנוכה ג:א), seems to mirror this same concept by describing it as the root of the problem which needed a ישועה.
בבית שני, כשמלכי יון גזרו גזרות על ישראל, ובטלו דתם, ולא הניחו אותם לעסוק בתורה ובמצוות
As with many Jewish holidays, there is an obligation of קריאת התורה during חנוכה and an obligation of a הפטרה on days where the holiday intersects with Shabbos.
The Mishna in מגילה ל ע"ב simply states that the קריאת התורה is "בחנוכה בנשיאים" and the following daf delineates the הפטרות:
ומפטירין בנרות דזכריה (זכריה ב:יד - ד:ז), ואי מיקלע שתי שבתות, קמייתא בנרות דזכריה, בתרייתא בנרות שלמה (מלכים א ז:מ - ז:נ)
ביום השמיני מתחילין ביום השמיני וגומרין כל הסדר ויש מקומות שקורין עד פרשה ראשונה של בהעלותך כדי להשלים של חנוכה בסדר הנרות ומנהג יפה הוא
Here תוספות sets forth the notion that a קריאה connected to חנוכה can be a form of פרסום הנס, but it only makes a full impact when the קריאה deals with a הדלקת נרות such as נרות זכריה. It seems that this also would have been true if it was possible for a second שבת חנוכה to fall out on Rosh Chodesh, that הפטרת נרות שלמה would take priority over the הפטרה of Rosh Chodesh.
Even though it seems to be a later additional מנהג, it wouldn't be surprising, using the idea of תוספות, that today's "קריאת התורה של "זאת חנכת המזבח which culminates in נרות אהרן \ בהעלתך את הנרות would be considered a final full-fledged קיום of פרסום הנס on חנוכה even after all of our candles have finished burning the night before.
Also see the Ramban there who famously quotes a midrash connecting נר חנוכה with the parsha of נשיאים and with the נס of the פך השמן. Additionally the בעל הטורים at the beginning of בהעלתך comments that a notion of פרסום הנס is present at the beginning of parshas בהעלתך:
While this all presents a concept of Torah as projecting the light of the menora, there seems to be something that runs deeper. Where Torah is an ultimate גורם of light and is a source of light.
It is known that when the Jews had light during מכת חושך, it wasn't merely sunlight with an absence of darkness, but a much more profound presence of a type of heavenly, positive light. Indeed there are only two examples in the Chumash of such a light with the phrase of the שורש of היה followed by the word אור - in the creation of the world and in the plague of darkness:
(בראשית א:ג) וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי אוֹר וַיְהִי אוֹר
(שמות י:כג) לֹא רָאוּ אִישׁ אֶת אָחִיו וְלֹא קָמוּ אִישׁ מִתַּחְתָּיו שְׁלֹשֶׁת יָמִים וּלְכׇל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיָה אוֹר בְּמוֹשְׁבֹתָם
Food for thought regarding other examples of this type of wording leads us to an interesting exercise. We now load a search via our new direct URLs with the following pattern where *הי* is directly following by אור* - see https://basehasefer.com/#/search?terms="*הי* אור*"
As we return to שמות י:כג, an interesting observation is made by the תרגום יונתן who translates our pasuk in מכת חושך with the following:
ובכל בני ישראל הוה נהורא למקבור רשיעיא דיבניהון דמיתו וזכאיא למעסוק במצותא במותבנהון
Light for בני ישראל to bury the wicked among them who die during the plague and for the righteous to engage in mitzvos. Somewhat reminiscent and in parallel to the חנוכה story with righteous Jews vs. the מתיונים.
Unclear still from this whether the light was a גורם for the mitzvos or the mitzvos were a גורם for the light.
ר' דוד צבי הופמן published editions of the מדרש הגדול and the מכילתא דרשב"י over 100 years ago.
In the מדרש הגדול on our pasuk, in מכת חושך, it has the following and goes a step further than the תרגום יונתן, but might even be explaining or expanding upon the Targum when it contrasts בני ישראל vs. the אומות העולם:
אמר ר' יצחק אוי להן לאומות העולם שהן נידונין לפי מעשיהן שנ' (ישעיה כ"ט ט"ו) הוי המעמיקים מה' לסתיר עצה והיה במחשך מעשיהם לפיכך לוקין בחשך שנ' (תהלים ל"ה ו') יהי דרכם חשך וחלקלקות, אבל ישראל מה כת' בהן ולכל בני ישראל היה אור במושבתם שהן עסיקין בתורה ובמצוות שכת' בהן (משלי ו' כ"ג) כי נר מצוה ותורה אור
Indeed R. Hoffman, in the section of הוספות in his edition of the מכילתא דרשב"י, was of the opinion that the source of the idea in the מדרש הגדול originally stemmed from the מכילתא דרשב"י.
In either case, the midrash clearly states that the light was there in merit of עסק בתורה ובמצוות.
In this vein, it fits very well that the על הנסים continues that הקב"ה let the רשעים be defeated at the hands of the צדיקים and the זדים be defeated at the hands of the עוסקי תורתך.
In this way, even in the last hours of חנוכה without the aid of נרות, let us sustain the אור of חנוכה with חיזוק in עסק בתורה and מצוות!
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